Section 3: CONSUMER BEHAVIOR

 

INTRODUCTION TO CONSUMER BEHAVIOR METHODS

 

Wind, J., V. Rao, and P. Green (1991), “Behavioral Methods,” in Handbook of Consumer Behavior, T. Robertson and H. Kassarjian eds., (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall).

 

MEMORY: (Repetition/Organization)

Crowder, R (1976), “The Effects of Repetition on Memory,” in Principles of Learning and Memory, (Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates).

 

Bower, G. (1970), “Organizational Factors in Memory,” Cognitive Psychology, 1, 18-46.

  

MEMORY: (Levels of Processing/Encoding Specificity/Transfer Appropriate Processing)

 

Craik, F. and R. Lockhart (1972), “Levels of Processing: A Framework for Memory Research,” Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 671-684.

 

Baddeley, A. (1978), “The Trouble With Levels: A Reexamination of Craik and Lockhart’s Framework for Memory Research,” Psychological Review, 85, 139-152.

 

Tulving, E. and D. Thomson (1973), “Encoding Specificity and Retrieval Processes in Episodic Memory,” Psychological Review, 80, 352-373,

 

Tulving, E. (1979), “Relation Between Encoding Specificity and Levels of Processing,” in Levels of Processing in Human Memory, L. Cermak and F. Craik eds., (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates).

 

Morris, C., J. Bransford, and J. Franks (1977), “Levels of Processing Versus Transfer Appropriate Processing,” Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16, 519-533,

 

 MEMORY: (Semantic)

 

Kintsch, W. (1980), “Semantic Memory: A Tutorial,” in Attention and Performance, 8, R. Nickerson ed., (Hillsdale, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates).

 

Smith, E., E. Shoben, and L. Rips (1974), “Structure and Process in Semantic Memory: A Feature Model for Semantic Decisions,” Psychological Review, 81, 214-241.

 

Tulving, E. (1972), “Episodic and Semantic Memory,” in Organization and Memory, E. Tulving and W. Donaldson eds., (New York, NY: Academic Press).

 

MEMORY: (Spread of Activation)

 

Collins, A. and E. Loftus (1975), “A Spreading Activation Theory of Semantic Processing,” Psychological Review, 82 (6), 407-428.

 

Ratcliff, R. and G. McKoon (1981), “Does Activation Really Spread?” Psychological Review, 88, 454-462.

 

McNamara, T. (1992), “Theories of Priming: I.  Associative Distance and Lag,” Journal of Experimental Psychology:  Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 1173-1190.

 

McNamara, T. (1994), “Theories of Priming: II.  Types of Primes,” Journal of Experimental Psychology:  Learning, Memory and Cognition, 20, 507-520.

 

 

MEMORY: (Categories & Prototypes)

 

Barsalou, L. (1985), “Ideals, Central Tendency and Frequency of Instantiation as Determinants of Graded Structure in Categories,” Journal of Experimental Psychology:  Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 11, 629-654.

 

Posner, M. and S. Keele (1968), “On the Genesis of Abstract Ideas,” Journal of Experimental Psychology, 77, 353-363.

 

Rosch, E. (1975), “Cognitive Representation of Semantic Categories,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 104, 192-233.

 

Smith, E. and D. Medin (1981), “The Exemplar View,” in Categories and Concepts, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).

 

MEMORY: (Schemas/Scripts)

 

Alba, J. and L. Hasher (1983), “Is Memory Schematic?” Psychological Bulletin, 93, 203-231.

 

Pezdek, K, T. Whetstone, K. Reynolds, N. Askari, and T. Dougherty (1989), “Memory for Real-World Scenes: The Role of Consistency with Schema Expectation,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 587-595.

 

Smith, R. and M. Houston (1985), “A Psychometric Assessment of Measures of Scripts in Consumer Memory,” Journal of Consumer Research, 12, 214-224.

 

Sujan. M. and J. Bettman (1989), “The Effects of Brand Positioning Strategies on Consumers’ Brand and Category Perceptions: Some Insights from Schema Research,” Journal of Marketing Research, 26 (November), 454-467.

 

 

MEMORY: (Text Processing)

 

Kintsch, W. and T. van Dijk (1978), “Toward a Model of Text Comprehension and Production,” Psychological Review, 85, 363-394.

 

 

MEMORY: (Implicit & Explicit)

 

Neill, W., J. Beck, K. Bottalico, and R. Molloy (1990), “Effects of Intentional Versus Incidental Learning on Explicit and Implicit Tests of Memory,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16, 457-463.

 

Richardson-Klavehn, A. and R. Bjork (1988), “Measures of Memory,” Annual Review of Psychology, 39, 475-543.

 

MEMORY: (Recall/Recall Effects)

 

Burke, R. and T. Srull (1988), “Competitive Interference and Consumer Memory for Advertising,” Journal of Consumer Research, 15 (June), 55-68.

 

Nedungadi, P. (1990), “Recall and Consumer Consideration Sets: Influencing Choice Without Altering Brand Evaluations,” Journal of Consumer Research, 17 (December), 263-27.

 

 

MEMORY: (Miscellaneous)

 

Baddeley, A. (1982), “Domains of Recollection,” Psychological Review, 89, 708-729.

 

Morris, P. (1992), “Prospective Memory: Remembering to Do Things,” in Aspects of Memory, Vol. I, M. Gruneberg and P. Morris eds., (New York, NY: Routledge).

 

INFORMATION/KNOWLEDGE (Expertise)

 

Alba, J., J. Hutchinson, and J. Lynch (1991), “Memory and Decision Making,” in Handbook of Consumer Behavior, T. Robertson and H. Kassarjian eds., (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall).

 

Huffman, C. and M. Houston (1993), “Goal Oriented Experiences and the Development of Knowledge, Journal of Consumer Research, 20, 190-207.

 

Mitchell, A. and P. Dacin (1996), “The Assessment of Alternative Measures of Consumer Expertise,” Journal of Consumer Research, 23, 219-239.

 

Park, C., D. Mothersbaugh, and L. Feick (1994), “Consumer Knowledge and Assessment,” Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 71-82.

 

 

INFORMATION/KNOWLEDGE (Processing & Search):

 

Alba, J. and W. Hutchinson, “Dimensions of Consumer Expertise,” Journal of Consumer Research, 13 (March 1987), 83-95.

 

Alba, J. and W. Hutchinson (2000), “Knowledge Calibration: What Consumers Know and What They Think They Know,” Journal of Consumer Research, 27 (December), 324-344.

 

Brucks, M. (1985), “The Effects of Product Class Knowledge on Information Search Behavior,” Journal of Consumer Research, 12 (June), 1-16.

 

Dickson, P. and A. Sawyer (1990), “The Price Knowledge and Search of Supermarket Shoppers,” Journal of Marketing, 54, 42-53.

 

Ratchford, B. (2001), “The Economics of Consumer Knowledge,” Journal of Consumer Research, 27 (March), 397-411.

 

Stigler, G. (1961), “The Economics of Information,” Journal of Political Economy, 69 (June), 213-225.

 

 

INFORMATION/KNOWLEDGE (Processing & Choice):

 

Bettman, J., E. Johnson, and J. Payne (1991), “Consumer Decision Making, in Handbook of Consumer Behavior, T. Robertson and H. Kassarjian eds., (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall).

 

Dick, A., D. Chakravarti, and G. Biehal (1990), “Memory Based Inferences During Consumer Choice,” Journal of Consumer Research, 17, 82-93.

Gruert, K. (1996), “Automatic and Strategic Processes in Advertising Effects,” Journal of Marketing, 60, 88-101.

 

Lynch, J., H. Marmorstein, and M. Weigold (1988), “Choices from Sets Including Remembered Brands: Use of Recalled Attributes and Prior Overall Evaluations,” Journal of Consumer Research, 15 (September), 169-183.

 

Nowlis, S. and I. Simonson (1997), “Attribute-Task Compatibility as a Determinant of Consumer Preference Reversals, Journal of Marketing Research, 34, 205-218.

 

 

DECISION MAKING/JUDGMENT

 

Kahneman, D. and A. Tversky (1979), “Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk,” Econometrica, 47 (March), 263-291.

 

Thaler, R. (1985), ‘Mental Accounting and Consumer Choice,” Marketing Science, 4 (Summer), 199-214.

 

Tversky, A. (1972), “Elimination by Aspects: A Theory of Choice,” Psychological Review, 79, 281-299.

 

Tversky, A. and D. Kahneman (1973), “Availability: A Heuristic for Judging Frequency and Probability,” Cognitive Psychology, 5, 207-232.

 

Tversky, A. and D. Kahneman (1974), “Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases,” Science, 185 (September 27), 1124-1131.

 

Tversky, A. and D. Kahneman (1991), “Loss Aversion and Riskless Choice: A Reference Dependent Model,” Journal of Economics, 106 (November), 1039-1061.

 

Wilson, T. and J. Schooler (1991), “Thinking Too Much: Introspection Can Reduce the Quality of Preferences and Decisions,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 181-192.

 

SOCIAL COGNITION/SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Folkes, V. (1988), “Recent Attribution Research in Consumer Behavior: A Review and New Directions,” Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 548-565.

 

Folkes, V. and T. Kiesler (1991), “Social Cognition,” in Handbook of Consumer Behavior, T. Robertson and H. Kassarjian eds., (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall).

 

Prelec, D., B. Wernerfelt, and F. Zettelmeyer (1997), “The Role of Inference in Context Effects: Inferring What You Want From What is Available,” Journal of Consumer Research, 24, 118-125.

 

Weiner, B. (2000), “Attributional Thoughts About Consumer Behavior,” Journal of Consumer Research, 27 (December), 382-387.

 

AFFECT

Batra, R. and M. Ray (1986), “Affective Responses Mediating Acceptance of Advertising,” Journal of Consumer Research, 13 (September), 234-249.

 

Baumgartner, H., M. Sujan, and D. Padgett (1997), “Patterns of Affective Reactions to Advertisements:  The Integration of Moment-to-Moment Responses into Overall Judgments, Journal of Marketing Research, 34, 219-232.

 

Cohen, J. and C. Areni (1991), “Affect,” in Handbook of Consumer Behavior, T. Robertson and H. Kassarjian eds., (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall).

 

Holbrook, M. and E. Hirschman (1982), “The Experiential Aspect of Consumption: Consumer Fantasies, Feelings, and Fun,” Journal of Consumer Research, 9, 132-140.

 

Kahn, B. and A. Isen (1993), “The Influence of Positive Affect on Variety Seeking Among Safe, Enjoyable Products,” Journal of Consumer Research, 20 (September), 257-270.

 

Lee, A. and B. Sternthal (1999), “The Effects of Positive Mood on Memory,” Journal of Consumer Research, 26 (September), 115-127.

 

Meloy, M. (2000), “Mood-Driven Distortion of Product Information,” Journal of Consumer Research, 27 (December), 345-359.

 

Meyers-Levy, J. and D. Maheswaran (1992), “Wen Timing Matters: The Influence of Temporal Distance on Consumers’ Affective and Persuasive Responses,” Journal of Consumer Research, 19 (December), 424-433.

 

Richins, M. (1997), “Measuring Emotions in the Consumption Experience,” Journal of Consumer Research, 24, 127-146.

 

Shiv, B. and A. Fedorikhin (1999), “Heart and Mind in Conflict: The Interplay of Affect and Cognition in Consumer Decision Making,” Journal of Consumer Research, 26 (December), 278-292.

 

Simonson, I. (1992), “The Influence of Anticipating Regret and Responsibility on Purchase Decisions,” Journal of Consumer Research, 19, 105-118.

 

Swinyard, W. (1993), “The Effects of Mood, Involvement, and Quality of Store Experience on Shopping Intentions, Journal of Consumer Research, 20 (September), 271-280.

 

Zajonc, R. (1984), “On the Primacy of Affect,” American Psychologist, 39, 117-123.

 

 

ATTITUDES (and Behavior)

 

Ajzen, I. And T. Madden (1986), “Prediction of Goal-Directed Behavior: Attitudes, Intentions, and Perceived Behavioral Control,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22, 453-474.

 

Aronson, E. (1978), “The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance: A Current Perspective,” in Cognitive Theories in Social Psychology, L. Berkowitz ed., (Academic Press).

 

Cacioppo, J., S. Harkins, and R. Petty (1981), “The Nature of Attitudes and Cognitive Responses and Their Relationship to Behavior,” Cognitive Responses in Persuasion, R. Petty, T. Ostrom, and T. Brock, eds., (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates).

 

Chaiken, S. (1980), “Heurstic Versus Systmatic Information Processing and the Use of Source Versus Message Cues in Persuasion,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39 (November), 752-756.

 

Fazio, R., M. Powell, and C. Willams (1989), “The Role of Attitude Accessibility in the Attitude-to-Behavior Process,” Journal of Consumer Research, 16, 280-288.

 

Herr, P. and R. Fazio (1993), “The Attitude-to-Behavior Process: Implications for Consumer Behavior,” in Advertising, Exposure, Memory, and Choice, A. Mitchell ed., (Hillsdale, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates).

 

Mackenzie, S. and R. Spreng (1992), “How Does Motivation Moderate the Impact of Central and Peripheral Processing on Brand Attitudes and Intentions,” Journal of Consumer Research, 18, 519-29.

 

Munch, J., G. Boller., and J. Swasy (1993), “The Effects of Argument Structure and Affective Tagging on Product Attitude Formation,” Journal of Consumer Research, 20 (September), 294-302.

 

Petty, R., J. Cacioppo, and D. Schumann (1983), “Central and Peripheral Routes to Advertising Effectiveness: The Moderating Role of Involvement,” Journal of Consumer Research, 10 (Septemeber), 135-146.

 

Tesser, A. and D. Shaffer (1990), “Attitudes and Attitude Change,” Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 479-523.

 

 

ATTITUDES (Change)

 

Berger, I. And A. Mitchell (1989), “The Effect of Advertising on Attitude Accessibility, Attitude Confidence, and the Attitude-Behavior Relationship,” Journal of Consumer Research, 16 (December), 269-279.

 

Block, L. and P. Keller (1995), “When to Accentuate the Negative: The Effects of Perceived Efficacy and Message Framing on Intentions to Perform a Health-Related Behavior, Journal of Marketing Research, 32, 192-203.

 

Burnkrant, R. and R. Unnava (1995), “Effects of Self-Referencing on Persuasion,” Journal of Consumer Research, 22 (June), 17-26.

 

Keller, P. and L. Block (1996), “Increasing the Persuasiveness of Fear Appeals: The Effect of Arousal and Elaboration,” Journal of Consumer Research, 22, 448-459.

 

Petty, R., R. Unnava, and A. Strathman (1991), “Theories of Attitude Change,” in Handbook of Consumer Behavior, T. Robertson and H. Kassarjian eds., (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall).

 

Sengupta, J., R. Goodstein, and David Boninger (1997), ‘All Cues Are Not Created Equal: Obtaining Attitude Persistence Under Low-Involvement Conditions,” Journal of Consumer Research, 4, 351-361.

 

Shiv, B., J. Edell, and J. Payne (1997), “Factors Affecting the Impact of Negatively and Positively Framed Ad Messages,” Journal of Consumer Research, 24, 285-294.

 

Zajonc, R. (1968), “Attitudinal Effects of Mere Exposure,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 1-27.

 

 

FRAMING EFFECTS

 

Grewel, D., J. Gotlieb, and H. Marmorstein (1994), “The Moderating Effects of Message Framing and Source Credibility on the Price-Perceived Risk Relationship,” Journal of Consumer Research, 21 (June), 145-153.

 

Inman, J., A. Peter, and P. Raghubir (1997), “Framing the Deal: The Role of Restrictions in Accentuating Deal Value,” Journal of Consumer Research, 24, 68-79.

 

Maheswaran, D. and J. Meyers-Levy (1990), “The Influence of Message Framing and Issue Involvement,” Journal of Marketing Research, 27 (August), 361-367.

 

Puto, C. (1987), “The Framing of Buying Decisions, Journal of Consumer Research, 14 (December), 301-315.

 

Tversky, A. and D. Kahneman (1981), “The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice,” Science, 211 (January), 453-458.

 

 

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

 

Shimp, T. (1991), “Neo-Pavlovian Conditioning and Its Implications for Consumer Theory and Research,” in Handbook of Consumer Behavior, T. Robertson and H. Kassarjian eds., (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall).

 

Stuart, E., T. Shimp, and R. Engle (1987), “Classical Conditioning of Consumer Attitudes: Four Experiments in an Advertising Context,” Journal of Consumer Research, 14 (December), 334-349.

 

Janiszewski, C. and L.Warlop (1993), “The Influence of Classical Conditioning Procedures on Subsequent Attention to the Conditioned Brand,” Journal of Consumer Research, 20 (December), 171-189.

 

 

INNOVATIVENESS (Behavioral Perspectives)

 

Gatignon, H. and T. Robertson (1991), “Innovative Decision Processes,” in Handbook of Consumer Behavior, T. Robertson and H. Kassarjian eds., (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall).

 

Manning, K., W. Bearden, and T. Madden (1995), “Consumer Innovativeness and the Decision Process,” Journal of Consumer Psychology, 4, 329-346.

 

Muthukrishnan, A. (1995), “Decision Ambiguity and Incumbent Brand Advantage,” Journal of Consumer Research, 22, 98-109.

 

Veryzer, R. and W. Hutchinson (1998), “The Influence of Unity and Prototypicality Aesthetic Responses to New Product Designs,” Journal of Consumer Research, 24, 374-394.

 

 

PRICING (Behavioral Perspectives)

 

Briesch, R., L. Krishnamurthi, T. Mazumdar, and S. Raj (1997), “A Comparative Analysis of Reference Price Models,” Journal of Consumer Research, 24, 202-214.

 

Dewar, N. and P. Parker (1994), “Marketing Universals: Consumers’ Use of Brand Name, Price, Physical Appearance, and Retailer Reputation as Signals of Product Quality,” Journal of Marketing, 58, 81-95.

 

Gourville, J. (1998), “Pennies-a-Day: The Effect of Temporal Framing on Transaction Evaluation,” Journal of Consumer Research, 24, 395-408.

 

Heath, T., S. Chatterjee, and K. France (1995), “Mental Accounting and Changes in Price: The Frame Dependence of Reference Price,” Journal of Consumer Research, 22, 90-97.

 

Inman, J., L. McAlister, and W. Hoyer (1990), “Promotion Signal: Proxy for a Price Cut?” Journal of Consumer Research, 17, 74-81.

 

Kalyanaram, G. and R. Winer (1995), “Empirical Generalizations from Reference Price Research,” Marketing Science, 14, G161-G169.

 

Lichtenstein, D. and W. Bearden (1989), “Contextual Influences on Perceptions of Merchant-Supplied Reference Prices,” Journal of Consumer Research, 16, 55-66.

 

Lichtenstein, D., P. Bloch, and W. Black (1988), “Correlates of Price Acceptability,” Journal of Consumer Research, 15 (September), 243-252.

 

Marmorstein, H., D. Grewal, and R. Fishe (1992), "The Value of Time Spent in Price-Comparison Shopping: Survey and Experimental Evidence," Journal of Consumer Research, 19 (June), 52-61.

 

Schindler, R. and P. Kirby (1997), “Patterns of Rightmost Digits Used in Advertised Prices: Implications for Nine-Ending Effects,” Journal of Consumer Research, 24, 192-201.

 

Tellis, G. and G. Gaeth (1990), “Best Value, Price-Seeking, and Price Aversion: The Impact of Information and Learning on Consumer Choices,” Journal of Marketing, 54, 34-45.

 

 

OTHER

 

Brinberg, D. and R. Wood (1983), “A Resource Exchange Theory Analysis of Consumer Behavior,” Journal of Consumer Research, 10 (December), 330-338.

 

Ratchford, B (1975), “The New Economic Theory of Consumer Behavior: An Interpretive Essay,” Journal of Consumer Research, 2, 65-78.